FSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in the reproductive processes of women. In the context of PCOS, FSH is essential for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. However, women with PCOS often have an imbalance between FSH and LH levels, leading to disrupted ovulation and infertility. Measuring FSH levels helps in diagnosing PCOS and assessing ovarian function.

LH is another hormone produced by the pituitary gland that works closely with FSH. In PCOS, the ratio of LH to FSH is often elevated, which can disrupt the normal ovulatory cycle. This imbalance can lead to anovulation (lack of ovulation) and contribute to the development of ovarian cysts. Measuring LH levels is crucial in diagnosing PCOS and understanding the hormonal imbalances involved.

Oestradiol, a form of estrogen produced by the ovaries, is critical for the regulation of the menstrual cycle. In women with PCOS, oestradiol levels can fluctuate abnormally due to disrupted ovarian function. Monitoring oestradiol levels helps in assessing ovarian activity and the overall hormonal balance, aiding in the diagnosis and management of PCOS.

Total testosterone measures the overall amount of testosterone in the blood. Women with PCOS often have elevated testosterone levels, which can lead to symptoms such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, and irregular menstrual cycles. Measuring total testosterone is essential in diagnosing PCOS and managing its symptoms.

The Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a ratio that indicates the amount of active testosterone in the bloodstream. In PCOS, elevated free testosterone levels are common and can cause various androgenic symptoms. The FAI helps in diagnosing PCOS by providing a clearer picture of androgen activity in the body.

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production. In PCOS, prolactin levels can sometimes be elevated, leading to menstrual irregularities and infertility. Measuring prolactin levels helps in identifying underlying causes of reproductive issues and differentiating PCOS from other conditions.

TSH regulates the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for metabolism and overall hormonal balance. Thyroid dysfunction can exacerbate symptoms of PCOS, such as weight gain and menstrual irregularities. Measuring TSH levels helps in identifying thyroid issues that may be contributing to or complicating the management of PCOS.